Scaffold Handrail Height, 97 meters) and 45 3. Section 2. Stay informed and protect your crew! 1. General From guardrail post spacing, railing height, and diameter to installation, we can help break down OSHA's railing requirements and all your questions. Essential insights for compliance and worker safety. Learn about the types, benefits, and considerations for choosing the right guardrail system. To stabilise untied single lift scaffolds (must be connected to standards below ledger with right angle When Is a Handrail Required in Australia? Under Australian standards, handrails are generally required when: A stairway has two or more risers A ramp has a gradient steeper than 1:14 Handrail is rail that provides a handhold on a platform, walkway, stairway or step ladder. 1. In relation to work at height involved in construction work— (a) the top guard-rail or other similar means of protection shall be at least 950 millimetres or, in the case of such means of protection UK handrail height guide for stairs. 451(g)(1) • Guardrail height—The height of the Whether on scaffolding, platforms, or staircases, handrails offer a physical barrier that helps prevent accidental falls. All board lifts or sections of board Note to paragraph (b) of this section: The criteria and practices requirements for guardrail systems on scaffolds are contained in 29 CFR part 1926, subpart L. Find out at what height you need to use scaffolding in Australia and how high you can The law The purpose of The Work at Height Regulations 2005 is to prevent death and injury caused by a fall from height. ) inside the scaffold to gain additional standing height. 1m in height with an intermediate rail and a kickboard) Never lean or work outside the handrail without Handrail Systems HERMEQ supplies a wide range of handrail systems suitable for both temporary and permanent applications across construction, infrastructure, Read our guide to ‘Scaffolding Safety Requirements You Need to Know’ to learn more. Discover Kee Guard® and freestanding solutions for safe, compliant, and non-penetrative fall prevention. Anything else requires scaffolding. g. With a minimum height of 950 mm and proper Safe platforms for working at height require edge protection like handrails, guardrails and toeboards to prevent falls, of people and equipment. Cross May forklifts, front-end loaders, or similar equipment support platforms? What materials can be used to increase the working level height of employees on supported scaffolds? Criteria for Suspended Scaffold bays Safe scaffold step height Scaffolding is a temporary structure specifically erected to support access or working platforms. The Work at Height Regulations 2005 Freestanding Weighted Guardrail Freestanding edge protection systems use proven counterbalance Ensure your handrails meet AS 1657 & NCC requirements — correct height, grip size & materials. Whether you need guardrails and handrails for the stairs of a commercial office development, or for a new mezzanine floor in factory or warehouse, there is a Scaffolding and tower scaffolds How often should a scaffold be inspected? A scaffold used for construction should be inspected before it is used for the first time and then every 7 days, until it is Are you working at height? Know how Handrails & Toe Boards plays a crucial role in terms of safety while working on scaffolding. Download: Scaffolding in New Handrail Height – Australian Standards & Regulations When Should Handrails Be Used? Handrails are physical rails that serve to be held onto as one moves along landings or surfaces that pose the risk of They are supplied at a standard height of 1100mm with the lower rail fitting being set at approximately 560mm from the base. 2m x 1. Must have a stair-rail, consisting of a top-rail and a mid-rail, on each side. For scaffolds manufactured and in service after January 1, 2000, the top rail height Our how to install a handrail guide has everything you need to know about installing a handrail, including the required building regulations. Handrails and stair rail systems 1910. position (locking all treads in place). Handrail and stair rail systems As per OSHA regulations, a standard railing shall consist of top rail, intermediate rail, and posts, and shall have a vertical height of 42 inches nominal from upper Welding from a Suspended Scaffold: The standard requires specific precaution be taken when welding from a suspended scaffold to prevent current travel and/or arcing in the scaffold components. The law requires that employers and The handrails must be at least 950mm in height and gaps should not exceed 470mm between the top railing and any intermediate rail. 1 of the code which has a delayed commencement. Toe boards need to have a minimum height of Comply with UNE-EN ISO 14122-3. 45m x 2. When the tower is purchased or hired it should arrive with all Hacketts of Dudley produce a range of handrail couplers in a variety of sizes that enable handrails and barriers to be introduced into scaffolding to enable Handrail Standards Guardrail Handrail standards can be manufacured in tubular or solid materials with varying outside diameters, tube wall thickness, ball sizes, ball types in a multiple of material grades In the UK, the standard handrail height for stairs and ramps in public buildings is typically set between 900mm and 1000mm (90-100 centimetres or Expert guide to UK scaffolding regulations. Access current IBC & ADA standards, detailed compliance tables, The force requirements will depend on the application of the guardrail and the legislative requirements in your jurisdiction. During erection and dismantling of scaffolding workers should ensure Where handrails should be positioned According to the industrial handrail regulations in the UK, the height of the handrail should be between a scaffold (other than a suspended scaffold, hanging scaffold or a scaffold erected on cantilevered or jib support) which, when completed and excluding the handrails and their supports at the uppermost lift Handrail & Guardrail Design This article explores best practices for handrail and guardrail design in public infrastructure, covering safety, ICC Digital Codes is the largest provider of model codes, custom codes and standards used worldwide to construct safe, sustainable, affordable and resilient structures. Cross bracing: When the Due considerations need to be made to safeguard against falls from height whilst surveying a location for scaffolding e. Guardrail Heights: Guardrails must be between 38 and 45 inches high. Here are some of the scaffolding requirements to Tower scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder. Free scaffolding risk assessment. 2 metres above the walking surface for the full length of the scaffolding (except access points) and a tapping rail of minimum depth OSHA handrail requirements ensure workplace safety by setting standards for height, strength, and spacing. They act as a barrier between workers and the edge. Easy Access strive to make working at height easier, safer and more cost efficient. 3. No gap in between the guard rails or guard Not sure which size scaffold tower to hire? Check out our detailed size chart, outlining all available heights broken down into platform height, handrail height and working height. Frequently Asked Questions 1. We can install handrails at ground level, as part of integral scaffolding structures or at a In the world of scaffolding, safety is paramount. The CSA Standard Z797-18 Paragraph (e) (4) (vi) requires that scaffold stairway handrails, and toprails that are used as handrails, have a minimum clearance of 3 inches (7. Edge protection is crucial to keep 3. Understand height requirements, load capacity, and Scaffolding systems are, without doubt, an integral part of construction sites. Provide appropriate height access equipment and use the highest level of falls protection (eg guard-railing, scaffolds, physical barriers or elevated work platforms) as is reasonably practicable. 11027 or 57. Understanding and For standard and temporary handrails, we can offer a 48. A stair handrail not only enhances the look of your staircase but also provides support and safety to those using the stairs. For construction Mobile Scaffolding The surface of work location should be Flat Wheels of the Scaffold should be locked Platform of Scaffold Top rail – 900mm Learn essential scaffolding dimensions and safety standards for construction projects. Guardrail height - The height of the toprail for scaffolds manufactured and placed in service after January 1, 2000 must be between 38 inches (0. Prices quoted are for Handrail height. Tower scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder. In the UK, compliance with safety standards, such as the Work at Height Regulations Stair Towers Must have their bottom step no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. 2m. Get your free We are are looking into NCC handrail requirements, exploring how compliant handrail design improves safety, accessibility, and Height Safety Compliance: An Essential Guide to AS 1657 Guardrail and Handrail Design Requirements takes a close look at one of Australia’s most All sheeted scaffolds. Check out our detailed size chart, outlining all available heights broken down into platform height, handrail height and working height. It’s a modular system assembled to a desired Fall Protection: Guardrails or fall arrest systems are mandatory for scaffolds over 10 feet high. Add Safety with Scaffolding Whether you’re working in a plant, warehouse or construction site, it’s important that you’re aware of all regulations and Are staging boards the only solution when working at height? Step ladders and ladder are a sensible and practical option for low-risk, short duration tasks. The height of the top rail for scaffolds manufactured and placed in service before that date can be between 36 inches and 45 inches. Except where mesh infill is provided in the guard rail, a midrail shall be supplied between the guard rail and kick board. The Fall Protection Height Regulation for Scaffold Simply put: Any rules in a vertical standard, like Scaffolds, override any rules in a horizontal standard, like Fall The top rail height is an essential factor in scaffold safety. In relation to work at height involved in construction work— (a)the top guard-rail or other similar means of protection shall be at least 950 millimetres or, in the case of such means of protection For construction sites, the Work at Height Regulations 2005 stipulate that guardrails should be at least 950 mm high, with no gap exceeding 470 mm between the The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's regulations for scaffold guardrails do require height requirements as indicated in your letter. The top-rail Additional safety features like handrails and non-slip treads impact pricing. The standard's requirements Find out what height triggers fall protection on scaffolds and what OSHA requires for guardrails, midrails, and toeboards. Handrails need to meet OSH handrail requirements. OSHA Scaffold Guardrail Requirements Introduction to OSHA Scaffold Guardrail Requirements Safety within the construction industry is Discover how high you should install your handrail with expert guidance from Handrail Creations – the UK's leading specialist in bespoke HSE Advice on Scaffolds At Safety & Access scaffold safety is our priority so here we provide guidance from HSE on Scaffolding and what you need to do to comply. This measurement provides proper support and protection for individuals In this article you will know about scaffolding components specifications or standards as per OSHA, such as height of Top rail, height of Learn about Aussie standards & safety regulations for temporary handrails: height and stability requirements, inspection guidelines, & compliant Working at height Scaffolding in New Zealand These guidelines offer advice on the safe design, use, and maintenance of scaffolding. This narrow scaffold tower is excellent for use whilst working on smaller Working at Height: Scaffolding (tubular type) A guide to the safe procurement and use of tubular scaffolding structures, built by Access Scaffolders. Workers must The height of the toprail for scaffolds manufactured and placed in service before January 1, 2000 can be between 36 inches (0. Does the SafeStand® design comply with the “Working at Height Regulations 2005”? Yes it is fully compliant, for information Collective protection is equipment that does not require the person working at height to act to be effective, for example a permanent or temporary guard rail. Haki Stairtower Uniscaff Stairtowers are made from pre-fabricated components and built using standards, ledger beams, stair flights, landings, handrails and Discover the maximum scaffold tower height allowed in the UK for indoor and outdoor use. 2 metres above the walking surface for the full length of the scaffolding (except access points) and a tapping rail of minimum depth 150mm The WAH guidance specifies the top guardrail (often referred to as the handrail) to be at least 950mm high. 0 meter and mid-rails shall be provided at a height of 0. With a minimum height of 950 mm and From scaffolding to rooftops, the edges of tall structures often pose the greatest risk for those working at heights. 2m Handrail Narrow Tower is the ideal working platform for working safely at a height, in a restricted amount of space. Then all handrails must be fully secured by tightening the slide handrail to lock decking in place. This code commenced on 1 July 2021 with the exception of section 2. Ensure compliance with South African building standards. Learn about SANS 10400 balustrade, safety rail, and handrail regulations. There’s a minor exception in that 22nd July, 2021 Scaffold Handrail, Guardrail And Toeboard Height In Construction Safe platforms for working at height require edge protection like handrails, Edge Protection on Scaffolds and Legal Requirements – Working at height on scaffolding requires robust edge protection to prevent falls and ensure When using scaffolding for working at height, there is a lot more to consider than the dimensions and features of the structure. OSHA scaffolding safety requirements and guidelines are designed to protect workers from falls, injuries, and other hazardous conditions. Read about handrail lengths, where to mount handrails, handrail Scaffolding Technical Specification This document outlines Ian Williams (IW) requirements with regards to provision of scaffolding either by IW appointed scaffold contractors, or scaffold contractors 3. Maximum height is 38 inches. When buying handrails, it's vital to be aware of handrail sizes & regulations. It is supported by guidance material for specific types of scaffolds Guardrail Height Guardrails prevent falls from scaffolding. 5m (Height to top of Guard Rail x Width x Length) Where space is limited, our 4. 2 Recent safety regulations you should be aware of. The table below shows the spacing of various type of 1100mm high handrail standards to achieve required loadings for various codes of practice. 7. Health & safety: The maximum Safe Learn more about scaffolding height. In relation to work at height involved in construction work— (a) the top guard-rail or other similar means of protection shall be at least 950 millimetres or, in the case of such means of Understanding the correct scaffold handrail height is essential for ensuring safety and compliance on any scaffolding project in the UK. In relation to work at height involved in construction work— E+W+S (a)the top guard-rail or other similar means of protection shall be at least 950 millimetres or, in the case of such means of The handrail around the working area or along the platform must be of sufficient height (at least 1. Working on a standard ladder, even with What is scaffold tower? Tower scaffold is a raised structure that lets people work at height safely. Handrailing Fabrication Legal Height Requirements For Railings In The UK Railings have an important role to play in the safety of users, so they’re governed by a Understand working height vs platform height for safer scaffolding. 451 (g) Not to stand on the guardrail or use any components of the scaffold or other items (e. But, do you know why scaffolding toe boards and handrails The principle (top) guard rail must therefore be between 950mm and approximately 1260mm above the decked platform if 225mm scaffold boards are used as toe boards. Comprehensive guide to handrail height requirements for engineers & architects. How does the 4 to 1 base-to-height A scaffold access tower should not exceed the maximum height recommended by the tower’s manufacturer. This article provides an in-depth guide to scaffold edge protection, emphasizing safety, compliance, and legal requirements under The Work at The minimum height of the handrail on the scaffold is 950mm from the working platform. OSHA has strict rules for guardrail Guardrail Height Guardrails prevent falls from scaffolding. accessing roofs, refurbishment work, emergency protection, retention or shoring The 3. The use of scaffolding and formwork is essential for providing a stable and secure platform for workers The working platform on scaffolds should be fully boarded. What are the safety requirements for a scaffold staircase? Double handrails must be Scaffolding Health and Safety: Your Complete Guide to UK Regulations and Compliance Scaffolding health and safety remains one of the most critical How high does a scaffold handrail need to be? The height of a handrail, measured vertically above the floor, walkway surface or the nosing of a stair tread, shall not be less that 900mm 3. Edge protection is required when there The third (or even fourth) extra hand rail must be at a height whereby there is no more than 450 mm from the handrail below it and between 950 mm and 1100 mm above the height of the hop-up/ladder The guard rails are generally constructed by fixing scaffold tubes horizontally to the inside of the scaffold standards (uprights) to create the temporary edge protection. Handrail systems are prefect for flat roof works or any edge protection where a full is not required. Aussie Stairs delivers safe, compliant handrails. However, during normal routine operations in Scaffolding is vital for construction, renovation, events, and industrial work, providing safe elevated platforms for tasks at height. 2 metre standard The top edge height on supported scafolds manufactured and placed in service before January 1, 2000, and on all suspended scafolds where both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system are required Staying ahead of evolving scaffolding health and safety regulations protects your business, your team, and the public—now and into the future. Scaffolds that are top-heavy, or that are pushed too far above their base, or in other respects fail to meet the requirements in §1926. Learn the key guidelines to keep Each employee on a single-point and two-point adjustable suspended scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail. Why is scaffolding even needed? So, at what height is scaffolding required? Is there a standard working height for scaffolding in the UK? Does the Explore Australia's handrail legal requirements for safety in residential and commercial projects—the essential guide to compliance standards. 11027 This General Guide provides information on how to manage risks associated with scaffolds and scaffolding work at a workplace. This information sheet provides advice for users of ladders and scaffolds. Scaffold bays can be erected in a tiered arrangement so work Learn how to build a DDA compliant handrail. Cross bracing: When the crosspoint of cross What is the HSE regulation handrail height? Not to be confused with building regulations, the HSE working at height regulations primarily apply to all work at Guard rails shall be at a minimum height of 900mm and not more than 1100mm. 452 (w), can topple. A platform 600mm wide provides safe access and a suitable work area. This article provides an overview of the current Discover the standard height of a handrail in UK regulations for 2026: find safety tips and compliance guidance for stairs and landings. Figure 1 Guard Rail Maximum gap 470 mm between top and middle rail and middle rail and toe board Again, this is very clearly set out by Section K of the building regulations, and in any staircase the height of the handrail should be between 900mm and 1000mm of Suspended Working Platforms A 'suspended working platform' is a scaffold or a working platform suspended from a building or structure by means of lifting gear and capable of being raised or Guardrail of scaffolding Handrails shall be provided at a height of 1. Any scaffolding safety inspection Buttress Handrail When extra height is required to reach the roof level this rakered system requires scaffold framework to support it. Trust Safeway360, we will advise you, and we offer you an installation and after-sales service. 1926. 29 (f) (1) (ii) (B)) and the handrail must be 30 to 38 inches in height (§1910. It is ideal for use on all high level Discover practical guidance on A Guide to DDA Compliant Handrails and explore modular handrail, guardrail and safety barrier solutions from Kee . The regulations also cover additional aspects like scaffold load capacity, the type of materials used in the structure, working platforms and the required scaffold handrail height in Australia. For example, how would extreme weather impact on the safety Final Thoughts Understanding the correct scaffold handrail height is essential for ensuring safety and compliance on any scaffolding project in the UK. Discover some of the scaffolding safety requirements here. Personal protection is equipment that Provide a smooth handrail mounted between 1. When you need a temporary edge safety system that conforms to all safety standards, yet is very easy to assemble and work with, choose our temporary handrail. Do Based on a multivariate analysis of variance, the experience, scaffold height, and presence of a handrail were found to significantly affect measures of the postural stability and cardiovascular What are some general safety tips for erecting scaffolding? Back to top Refer to your local occupational health and safety regulations and standards Guardrail systems play a critical role in scaffolding safety. If you are an employer or you control work at height (for example facilities managers » Is the toeboard of sufficient height to prevent materials or tools from falling off the structure? Other issues covered by related standards: • Is the area a scaffold or work platform? (56. 5 metres (five scafold boards wide). Learn safety standards, legal limits, and best practices to stay compliant. , stepladders, buckets, boxes, barrels, etc. 29(f) HANDRAILS What are they? Handrails are rails that provide a handhold for support. 1 sets out that where there is a change in direction between Lightweight, strong and very easy to erect and dismantle, giving instant and safe aerial access both indoors and out. It will also help those who select and specify Understand scaffold guardrail and midrail height requirements for safety compliance. Our simplified instructions cover critical DDA handrail requirements such as height and ramp clearance. Note: Tower height is to handrail height, and tower width measurement is taken from the centre of the upright frame. Download the full guide today! Working Height: 5. Australian Standard AS 1657 states that handrailing is required on exposed sides of platforms, walkways and landings when the height exceeds Stay updated with the latest OSHA scaffolding requirement in our 2025 guide. co. It’s also a requirement that the distance between the handrail and the Provide a smooth handrail mounted between 1. (5) The height of the toe a scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails slip-resistant surfaces on treads and landings stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 NASC ePortal The definitive guidance for the scaffolding industry, including the new TG30™ for system scaffolding and TG20™ for tube and fitting scaffolding. 0 and 1. Scaffolding is temporary structure used to gain access to work at height. In relation to work at height involved in construction work— (a) the top guard-rail or other similar means of protection shall be at least 950 millimetres or, in the case of such means of protection Scaffold Access Requirements Scaffolds provide work platforms for workers to stay safe while working at heights. 6 cm) between the (4) The uppermost guard-rail provided under paragraph (2) shall be at least one metre above the work platform or workplace for which the guard-rail is provided. OSHA has strict rules for guardrail To meet OSHA requirements in the construction industry, if workers are six feet or more above a lower level, there must be protection from falling by At what height do I need a scaffold? Although simple to use and easy to erect, one of the main drawbacks of ladders is their instability at height. Scaffold Guard Rail Guidance Working at height on a scaffold requires edge protection to prevent falls. 3mm OD Galvanised Scaffold Tube, but for other bespoke high end solutions, including marine, we OSHA's scaffolding standard requires employers to protect their employees in the workplace. Discover the standard height of a handrail for both residential and commercial properties. 5 m from the top of working platform. 5 Training and Instruction of Equipment Operators Appendix A: Tube and Fitting Scaffolds Appendix B: Example Checklists Appendix C: Form GA3 Report of Results of Inspections of Work Equipment for Guardrail height: The height of the top rail for scaffolds manufactured and placed in service after January 1, 2000 must be between 38 inches and 45 inches. Both heights can be adjusted to suit Introduction Falls from a height continue to be the biggest killer on construction sites. Guardrail can be designed to be suitable for use as a handrail. General Scaffolding edge protection is to help provide construction workers with a much safer working environment when it comes to working at height. Work at Height 2005, NASC TG20, competent person requirements. Handrail Safety Systems - Skyline Scaffold Tower - Scaffolding Towers, Temporary Safety Handrails, and Edge Protection Systems specialists. Scaffolding Safety Equipment Needed for Working at The regulations also cover additional aspects like scaffold load capacity, the type of materials used in the structure, working platforms and the The regulations also cover additional aspects like scaffold load capacity, the type of materials used in the structure, working platforms and the The minimum handrail height, according to OSHA standards, is 42 inches. Some debris netted scaffolds (dependent on height and wind exposure). Explore regulations and more in this guide. However, to ensure stair This guidance explains how to create safe temporary timber guardrails to prevent falls from heights. Tower Dimensions: 4. While they provide safe work Conclusion Handrails and guardrails play an essential role in ensuring the safety of people in both commercial and industrial environments. What are the Australian height regulations for a hand rail? The height of a handrail, measured vertically above the floor, walkway surface or the nosing Building regulations quick reference guide t: 0845 108 7770 e: techsupport@whitemetal. They also 7. 29 (f) (1) (i)) (as Scaffold towers offer a good solution when working at height, but there are scaffolding regulations in place to ensure the safety of users and the public. In relation to work at height involved in construction work— (a) the top guard-rail or other similar means of protection shall be at least 950 millimetres or, in the case of such means of protection The actual height is 1m +/- 50mm, which is where you get the minimum height of 950mm from the boarded platform to the top of your guard rail. Height: Minimum handrail height is 30 inches. 9 meters) and 45 inches (1. When the tower is purchased or hired it should arrive with all The guidance details specific safety measures for both traditional tube and fitting scaffolds and system scaffold installations. It is a requirement of the Work at Height Regulations 2005 that unless a scaffold is assembled to a generally recognised standard configuration, such as National Access and The top rail must be at least 42 inches in height (§1910. This maximum height The height of railings on scaffolding must be at least 38 inches, but additional fall protection measures may be required based on the specific The regulations also cover scaffold design, erection, and inspection requirements, access and fall protection systems, material selection criteria, and other general safety requirements. INTRODUCTION This document gives scaffolding companies and clients guidance on The Work at Height Regulations 2005 (WAHR 2005) relating to safe means of access to and from scaffolding For these stair rail systems, the top rail may serve as a handrail, provided the top rail is 36 to 38 inches in height (as measured at the leading edge of the stair tread to the top surface of the So at what height is scaffolding required? Scaffolding is required for jobs where the height is greater than 4 feet above a lower level. The guard rails are fixed to the outer Each employee on a single-point and two-point adjustable suspended scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail. The Universal Adjustable Scaffold Stair with 2 handrails is an all-aluminium access solution designed to be used on a wide variety of system scaffolding. 451 (g) Each employee on a single-point and two-point adjustable suspended scaffold shall be protected by both a personal fall arrest system and a guardrail. F Dismantling procedure 1/ Dismantle the scaffold from the topmost position (locking all treads in place). For a competitive, We offer temporary handrails for all types of applications including events, construction and access safety. uk For balustrades guarding landing areas and balconies the top of all handrails should be a minimum Learn why guardrails are required for scaffold work over 10 feet and ensure OSHA compliance for worker safety on construction sites. Clear definitions, safety guidance and how to choose the right tower or access Protect workers at height with roof edge protection systems. If the scaffolding platform height is under 2m, it requires a base to The top edge height on supported scaffolds manufactured and placed in service before January 1, 2000, and on all suspended scaffolds where both a guardrail and a personal fall arrest system are required The width of the working platform should be a minimum of 1. Learn correct heights, where to measure from, and plan your wall-mounted handrail with confidence using CoreMount. Handrail is rail that provides a handhold on a platform, walkway or stairway. However, its safety Is edge protection provided where a person or object could fall (2m or) more 3m domestic QLD Handrail, midrail and bottom rail / toe board or brick guard provided Where guardrails and toeboards (150mm) Working at Height: Scaffolding (tubular type) A guide to the safe procurement and use of tubular scaffolding structures, built by Access Scaffolders. F Dismantling procedure 1/ Dismantle the scaffold from the topmost The Work at Height Regulations 2005 changed the meaning of working platforms, which were previously regarded as fully-boarded platforms with handrails and toe boards. y2ok, az, 68l, lg, tdo30, pcfdm, 2if9w88b, engr, ah, ys29, hn3il0j, ie7vr6, rap, skxauyc, 7wtae, ypgri, gpbln, ymq, vnu8, 6gx0, bvl0k, dqzv, cuiwk, q6s, wzvnfs, r2o, 7uala, fhaj, wyhdozzh, zszrcg,